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might be a potent biological weapon to control Drosophila suzukii (D. suzukii), a fruit
fly that damages cherry, blueberry, peach, grape and other fruit crops worldwide.
The D. suzukii fruit fly originated in Asia but has spread around the globe over the
past decade. It attacks a wide range of fruit and has taken a severe economic toll
on fruit and wine producers. Despite the urgent need for biological controls, there are
few fruit fly parasites that can circumvent D. suzukii's defenses.
"We set out to identify natural parasites of D. suzukii and learn how they overcome
the pest's considerable defenses," says first author Lan Pang, a postdoctoral
researcher at the Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
"Despite the great economic need for biological controls for this pest insect, previous
search efforts have been unsuccessful in China."
To identify the natural parasites of D. suzukii, Pang and colleagues set up several
traps in different locations across East China, including Hangzhou, Ningbo and
Taizhou, where the species is known to be heavily distributed. They knew that if they
could lure in the fruit flies, then their predators would also follow, so they filled the
traps with the flies' favorite fruit snacks?bananas, cherries and grapes.
When the team looked in the traps, they found two species of parasitic wasps: T.
drosophilae, which parasitises fruit fly pupae (the stage just before they become an
adult), and Asobara japonica, which parasitises early-stage fruit fly larvae. Multiple
studies have already established T. drosophilae as a successful parasite on the
young of D. suzukii, but the mechanisms that underlie this success have not been
determined. This, combined with the fact that the team found a much higher number
of these parasites in their traps, led them to focus on T. drosophilae for their study.
To understand how T. drosophilae overcomes D. suzukii's defenses, the team
conducted a series of genetic, molecular and behavioral studies. Their analyses
revealed that the wasps have evolved to produce both venom and specialized cells
that stop the development of a fruit fly pupa and speed up the digestion of the
pupa's body. Together, these two adaptations provide more nutrition to the wasps'
young when they hatch within a pupa.
"Female wasps employ the straw-like organ they use to lay their eggs to 'taste' the
fly pupa and determine if another species of parasite got there first," Pang explains.
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fly that damages cherry, blueberry, peach, grape and other fruit crops worldwide.
The D. suzukii fruit fly originated in Asia but has spread around the globe over the
past decade. It attacks a wide range of fruit and has taken a severe economic toll
on fruit and wine producers. Despite the urgent need for biological controls, there are
few fruit fly parasites that can circumvent D. suzukii's defenses.
"We set out to identify natural parasites of D. suzukii and learn how they overcome
the pest's considerable defenses," says first author Lan Pang, a postdoctoral
researcher at the Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
"Despite the great economic need for biological controls for this pest insect, previous
search efforts have been unsuccessful in China."
To identify the natural parasites of D. suzukii, Pang and colleagues set up several
traps in different locations across East China, including Hangzhou, Ningbo and
Taizhou, where the species is known to be heavily distributed. They knew that if they
could lure in the fruit flies, then their predators would also follow, so they filled the
traps with the flies' favorite fruit snacks?bananas, cherries and grapes.
When the team looked in the traps, they found two species of parasitic wasps: T.
drosophilae, which parasitises fruit fly pupae (the stage just before they become an
adult), and Asobara japonica, which parasitises early-stage fruit fly larvae. Multiple
studies have already established T. drosophilae as a successful parasite on the
young of D. suzukii, but the mechanisms that underlie this success have not been
determined. This, combined with the fact that the team found a much higher number
of these parasites in their traps, led them to focus on T. drosophilae for their study.
To understand how T. drosophilae overcomes D. suzukii's defenses, the team
conducted a series of genetic, molecular and behavioral studies. Their analyses
revealed that the wasps have evolved to produce both venom and specialized cells
that stop the development of a fruit fly pupa and speed up the digestion of the
pupa's body. Together, these two adaptations provide more nutrition to the wasps'
young when they hatch within a pupa.
"Female wasps employ the straw-like organ they use to lay their eggs to 'taste' the
fly pupa and determine if another species of parasite got there first," Pang explains.
- 351 -
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