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kidney-shaped, with rounded teeth. The pink flowers are relatively large for a
plant this size and form a few flowered terminal spikes with axillary whorls. The
calyx is regular with five lobes and closes after flowering. The corolla is
purplish-red and is fused into a tube 1?2 to 3?4 inch long. The upper lip is
convex, 1?8 to 3?16 inch long and the lower lip has three lobes, two small side
ones and a larger central one 1?16 to 1?8 inch long. There are four stamens: two
long and two short. The gynoecium has two fused carpels, and the fruit is a
four-chambered schizocarp.
This plant flowers very early in the spring, even in northern areas, and for most
of the winter and the early spring in warmer locations. At times of year when
there are not many pollinating insects, the flowers self-pollinate. Henbit plants start
to die out around the beginning of summer due to the high temperatures and
dryer conditions. Henbit is most effectively controlled with herbicides in the fall
while plants are small and immature. A single plant can produce up to 2,000
seeds. These seeds can remain viable for well over ten years under no-till
conditions. Most seedlings emerge from seeds in the top inch of soil. Henbit is
effectively controlled with most spring burndown applications for corn or soybeans,
but these applications are often made after viable seeds are produced. Thus, you
should be expecting more henbit next year. Products containing dicamba, MCPP
and 2,4-D have demonstrated effective control in the fall and early spring. Product
label chemicals like Chaparral, Cimarron Max, and PastureGard have shown
excellent control when applied according to the manufacturers label, based on the
correct time of year, and rate. In the dormant stages of bermudagrass, glyphosate,
diquat or metribuzin will control henbit. Before starting any treatment, be sure to
wear your personal protective equipment (PPE) and remember to keep all people
and pets off the treated areas until it is dry. For more information on pasture
plant identification, please contact your local MU Extension Agronomy Field
Specialist.
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