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Summary
Summary
Under the projects "Establishment of antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for
livestock" by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and "Monitoring and
characterization of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from livestock products" by Ministry
of Food and Drug Safety, we investigated the amount of antimicrobials sold for use in
livestock and fisheries and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from food producing
animals, carcasses, retail food and imported meats in Korea during 2017. The main results
of the investigations are summarized as follows:
1. Antimicrobial consumption in livestock
Korea Animal Health Products Association investigated the sales of antimicrobials
(estimation) in animals and fisheries by animal species and antimicrobial agents. In total,
around 1,027 tonnes of active compound were sold in 2017, a increase of 6% compared
with 2016. The largest volume of antimicrobials was sold for use in pigs (52%, 536 tonnes)
followed by fishery (24%, 248 tonnes), poultry (15%, 154 tonnes), and cattle (9%, 89
tonnes). Penicillins (281 tonnes) and tetracyclines (255 tonnes) and were the biggest selling
antimicrobial. Overall sale of penicillin, macrolides and phenicols was increased by about 10
tonnes from 2016 to 2017.
2. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in animals and carcasses
To investigate the antimicrobial resistance in animals and carcasses, 2,218 indicator
bacteria and 699 foodborne pathogens were isolated from fecal samples and carcasses
of healthy animals during 2017: 1,092 Escherichia coli, 389 Enterococcus faecium, 737
Enterococcus faecalis, 244 Salmonella spp., 237 Campylobacter spp., and 218 S. aureus.
In addition, a total of 452 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased animals: 126
E. coli, 122 Pasteurella multocida, 25 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 157 Streptococcus
suis and 22 Bordetella bronchiseptica. Among the E. coli isolates from healthy animals
and carcasses, high rates of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin was
observed. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials such as ceftiofur (13.1%) and
ciprofloxacin (70.1%) was high in poultry. Resistance of E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates
gradually decreased for most antimicrobials and no or low rates of resistance were observed
for vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid that are used for treatment of serious bacterial
disease in humans. Among the Salmonella isolates, resistance varied according to animal
species and carcass samples. Resistance to ceftiofur (19.8%) and colistin (19.0%) was
observed in poultry. Regardless the origin of the isolates, Campylobacter spp. showed the
highest resistance rate to quinolones. There was a tendency for C. coli to be more resistant
than C. jejuni to the macrolides. Penicillin (93.4%) and tetracycline (43.2%) resistance was
highest among S. aureus isolates from pig carcasses and chicken carcasses, respectively.
Meanwhile, a total of 5 (4.7%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected in carcass
samples. The level of resistance in pathogenic bacteria from diseased animals was higher
than that of indicator bacteria from healthy animals, although the resistance of pathogenic
bacteria varied according to bacterial species and antimicrobials.
3
Summary
Under the projects "Establishment of antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for
livestock" by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and "Monitoring and
characterization of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from livestock products" by Ministry
of Food and Drug Safety, we investigated the amount of antimicrobials sold for use in
livestock and fisheries and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from food producing
animals, carcasses, retail food and imported meats in Korea during 2017. The main results
of the investigations are summarized as follows:
1. Antimicrobial consumption in livestock
Korea Animal Health Products Association investigated the sales of antimicrobials
(estimation) in animals and fisheries by animal species and antimicrobial agents. In total,
around 1,027 tonnes of active compound were sold in 2017, a increase of 6% compared
with 2016. The largest volume of antimicrobials was sold for use in pigs (52%, 536 tonnes)
followed by fishery (24%, 248 tonnes), poultry (15%, 154 tonnes), and cattle (9%, 89
tonnes). Penicillins (281 tonnes) and tetracyclines (255 tonnes) and were the biggest selling
antimicrobial. Overall sale of penicillin, macrolides and phenicols was increased by about 10
tonnes from 2016 to 2017.
2. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in animals and carcasses
To investigate the antimicrobial resistance in animals and carcasses, 2,218 indicator
bacteria and 699 foodborne pathogens were isolated from fecal samples and carcasses
of healthy animals during 2017: 1,092 Escherichia coli, 389 Enterococcus faecium, 737
Enterococcus faecalis, 244 Salmonella spp., 237 Campylobacter spp., and 218 S. aureus.
In addition, a total of 452 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased animals: 126
E. coli, 122 Pasteurella multocida, 25 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 157 Streptococcus
suis and 22 Bordetella bronchiseptica. Among the E. coli isolates from healthy animals
and carcasses, high rates of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin was
observed. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials such as ceftiofur (13.1%) and
ciprofloxacin (70.1%) was high in poultry. Resistance of E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates
gradually decreased for most antimicrobials and no or low rates of resistance were observed
for vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid that are used for treatment of serious bacterial
disease in humans. Among the Salmonella isolates, resistance varied according to animal
species and carcass samples. Resistance to ceftiofur (19.8%) and colistin (19.0%) was
observed in poultry. Regardless the origin of the isolates, Campylobacter spp. showed the
highest resistance rate to quinolones. There was a tendency for C. coli to be more resistant
than C. jejuni to the macrolides. Penicillin (93.4%) and tetracycline (43.2%) resistance was
highest among S. aureus isolates from pig carcasses and chicken carcasses, respectively.
Meanwhile, a total of 5 (4.7%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected in carcass
samples. The level of resistance in pathogenic bacteria from diseased animals was higher
than that of indicator bacteria from healthy animals, although the resistance of pathogenic
bacteria varied according to bacterial species and antimicrobials.
3
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