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to 5 × 104 CFU/ml. Fifty seeds were immersed in 50 ml of the conidial suspension of each
isolate for 24 h and in sterile water (Koch et al. 2020). The seeds were drained, dried at room
temperature, and sown in trays filled with a steamed mix of white peat and perlite, 80:20 v/v,
and maintained at 25°C and relative humidity of 80 to 85% for 14 days with a 12-h
photoperiod. Seedlings were extracted from the substrate, washed under tap water, and
observed for the presence of root and crown rots like the symptoms observed on the seedlings
collected in the field. Control seedlings were healthy, and F. commune was reisolated from the
symptomatic ones and identified by resequencing of tef-1α gene. F. commune has been
already reported on maize (Xi et al. 2019) and other plant species, such as soybean (Ellis et al.
2013), sugarcane (Wang et al. 2018), and potato (Osawa et al. 2020), indicating that some
attention must be paid in crop rotation and residue management strategies. To our knowledge
this is the first report of F. commune as a pathogen of maize in Italy.
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