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add to the information for early preparedness actions.
4. Communication and dissemination
There are standard World Meteorological Organization international guidelines for dissemination
of extreme events such as floods, referred to as Common Alert Protocol. Kenya uses these but
there are still gaps in warning communications to reach those at risk of flooding. In 2024
Kenya Meteorological Department issued early warnings which were disseminated through
various media including its X (Twitter) handle.
More stakeholder awareness activity ought to have been undertaken in order to communicate
the potential of such early warning systems. There is therefore a need for co-design of
communication products, diversification of communication channels, regular monitoring and
feedback and collaboration among agencies and stakeholders.
Next steps
Getting these steps right doesn't guarantee the right emergency response. Kenya has only
recently developed a so-called "early action protocol" which outlines specific information on
who does what during flood anticipation actions.
The County Disaster Management Act requires that the 47 county governments make
provisions for funds for disaster preparedness and response in their annual budgets. This
should be scrupulously enforced and supplemented by both levels of government.
Finally, Kenya should consider establishing a legally mandated institution for managing the
response to flood disasters, in much the same way as the National Disaster Management
Authority oversees drought emergencies.
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