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Dr. Bertram: We’re still compiling the list of specific chemistries, but I can say that there are
effective Bacillus Theringiensis, which is a biological pesticide that is commonly used in organic
production in the US. There is interest in some of the new biopesticides. The new or modern AIs
are in the families of pyrethrins and the like.
AgriBusiness Global: Can you characterize the adoption. We’re just getting the guidelines and IPM
protocols through the value chain through the agro-dealers and down to the farm level, so what’s
the response been like and how’s it working so far?
Dr. Bertram: We are making progress each year as people become more prepared, more familiar,
and have better access to what’s happening. One of the challenges is to understand where and
how severe these outbreaks are. We do have some work in a digital approach to try to track
these outbreaks with colleagues at Pennsylvania State University. That kind of information is very
helpful in getting a sense for the extent and the severity of outbreaks. It is variable. We do see as
a problem in one location one year and less so in another. So you could say there is a
capriciousness about it.
Clearly countries where we have more privates sector activity, such as Kenya, South Africa, Ethiopia
is taking it very seriously, you see a better public awareness and uptake of control methods that
we’re proposing. The germplasm piece has a built-in lag of getting access to new seed, except for
some of the biotech seed. But even there we’re working with seven countries in the region with
private sector partners that are in the lead to develop resistant varieties, which are by the way also
more drought tolerant, which is huge issue in sub-Saharan Africa maize production.
And in Asia generally it’s a better situation because the national and private sector institutions are
stronger and have better established means of getting information out and probably more
sophisticated value chains. So you are seeing more rapid adoption in control approaches in places
like India, Thailand, Vietnam and countries that are better positioned to adapt to this pest.
AgriBusiness Global: Can you talk a bit about how programs like these are introducing new good
agricultural practices and standards for emerging economies. Are programs like these helping to
modernize production systems for the slew of pests that are known and unknown that we will
need to face in the coming years?
Dr. Bertram: That’s one of the big challenges. We don’t want to lurch from pest to pest. We know
these kinds of proble ms exist with insects, diseases and weeds. So we do very much try to work
in a way to build systemic capacity while we do this and link it to that broader effort of
understanding good agricultural practices, clean seed, better post-harvest storage and a range of
things that is going to have a positive effect.
So yes, it has to be that way. We talk about it a lot. Sometimes you have a threat like this and
people mobilize, and locusts are a great example. We haven’t had locust plagues in a long time,
partly because the control methods were working so well. This past year, because of the war in
Yemen, they weren’t able to do those early control methods. You want to have something that
makes the system more resilient. And that involves the public and private sectors, as well as farmer
organizations. Anything you do that succeeds and adds value for people by increasing efficiency,
lowering cost, using less active ingredients ? whatever it might be ? these things have a positive
effect on a system that is then better able to stay connected because it’s delivering value and
getting good information in and it’s integrating innovation out of R&D. That can come out of the
private sector that has a big role here, and out of the public sector, particularly in the area of
seed and biological controls.
Another thing that is a challenge here on some of these approaches is that the knowledge content
is very demanding. Planting a seed is one thing. Managing pest releases or pheromone traps with
the proper timing is a different undertaking. But we’re continuing to make progress.
AgriBusiness Global: We look forward to talking to you again about the progress you’re making.
Dr. Bertram: Thank you
- 79 -
effective Bacillus Theringiensis, which is a biological pesticide that is commonly used in organic
production in the US. There is interest in some of the new biopesticides. The new or modern AIs
are in the families of pyrethrins and the like.
AgriBusiness Global: Can you characterize the adoption. We’re just getting the guidelines and IPM
protocols through the value chain through the agro-dealers and down to the farm level, so what’s
the response been like and how’s it working so far?
Dr. Bertram: We are making progress each year as people become more prepared, more familiar,
and have better access to what’s happening. One of the challenges is to understand where and
how severe these outbreaks are. We do have some work in a digital approach to try to track
these outbreaks with colleagues at Pennsylvania State University. That kind of information is very
helpful in getting a sense for the extent and the severity of outbreaks. It is variable. We do see as
a problem in one location one year and less so in another. So you could say there is a
capriciousness about it.
Clearly countries where we have more privates sector activity, such as Kenya, South Africa, Ethiopia
is taking it very seriously, you see a better public awareness and uptake of control methods that
we’re proposing. The germplasm piece has a built-in lag of getting access to new seed, except for
some of the biotech seed. But even there we’re working with seven countries in the region with
private sector partners that are in the lead to develop resistant varieties, which are by the way also
more drought tolerant, which is huge issue in sub-Saharan Africa maize production.
And in Asia generally it’s a better situation because the national and private sector institutions are
stronger and have better established means of getting information out and probably more
sophisticated value chains. So you are seeing more rapid adoption in control approaches in places
like India, Thailand, Vietnam and countries that are better positioned to adapt to this pest.
AgriBusiness Global: Can you talk a bit about how programs like these are introducing new good
agricultural practices and standards for emerging economies. Are programs like these helping to
modernize production systems for the slew of pests that are known and unknown that we will
need to face in the coming years?
Dr. Bertram: That’s one of the big challenges. We don’t want to lurch from pest to pest. We know
these kinds of proble ms exist with insects, diseases and weeds. So we do very much try to work
in a way to build systemic capacity while we do this and link it to that broader effort of
understanding good agricultural practices, clean seed, better post-harvest storage and a range of
things that is going to have a positive effect.
So yes, it has to be that way. We talk about it a lot. Sometimes you have a threat like this and
people mobilize, and locusts are a great example. We haven’t had locust plagues in a long time,
partly because the control methods were working so well. This past year, because of the war in
Yemen, they weren’t able to do those early control methods. You want to have something that
makes the system more resilient. And that involves the public and private sectors, as well as farmer
organizations. Anything you do that succeeds and adds value for people by increasing efficiency,
lowering cost, using less active ingredients ? whatever it might be ? these things have a positive
effect on a system that is then better able to stay connected because it’s delivering value and
getting good information in and it’s integrating innovation out of R&D. That can come out of the
private sector that has a big role here, and out of the public sector, particularly in the area of
seed and biological controls.
Another thing that is a challenge here on some of these approaches is that the knowledge content
is very demanding. Planting a seed is one thing. Managing pest releases or pheromone traps with
the proper timing is a different undertaking. But we’re continuing to make progress.
AgriBusiness Global: We look forward to talking to you again about the progress you’re making.
Dr. Bertram: Thank you
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