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awarenessofanewdiseasethreat,suchasthis,sothatregionalbiosecuritymeasurescan
beprioritized."
Thebacteriumisthoughttobespreadfromplant-to-plantbyinsectsthatfeedonphloem,
the tissue which transports nutrients around the plant, said Dr. Davis: "It seems certain
fromourobservationsofhowthisthinghasspreadthroughthelocalareathattheremust
beaninsectvector.Findingoutwhatvectorspeciesareinvolvedisavitalnextresearch
priority."
Outbreaks of exotic plant pathogens in Australia are rare due to the country's stringent
biosecurity measures. "Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific island countries and
territorieshaveanenviableplantandanimalhealthstatuscomparedtomuchoftherestof
theworld.Becauseweareislands,wehaveescapedmanysignificantplantdiseasethreats
that have traveled around the world, over history," explained Dr. Davis. "As biosecurity
plantpathologistsfortheAustralianGovernmentDepartmentofAgriculture,Waterandthe
Environment,ourteam'smainroleistolookoutforanddetectincursionsofexoticplant
pathogens. We usually do this in remote parts of Australia's north, so to come across
something much closer to home in the suburbs of Cairns, in far North Queensland,
Australia,wasunusual.However,wehavenoevidencetosuggestthisisanincursionfrom
overseasbecauseitisauniqueorganism.ItmaywellbeindigenoustoAustraliaandsome
asyetunknownfactorhastriggeredadiseaseoutbreak."
Dr.DavisisconcernedthatthisnewdiseasecouldspreadoutsideofCairnsandaffectpalm
populations further north. "North of Cairns, we have threatened ecological communities of
fan palms which are of great environmental significance," he said. It is important for Dr.
DavisandhisteamtocontinuetomonitorthespreadofCandidatusphytoplasmadypsidis.
A number of questions remain, including which insect vectors are spreading the disease,
andwhetherthebacteriumiscapableofinfectingothertypesofplant,includingimportant
cropssuchasbananas.
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