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fioriniae and C. nymphaeae clusters, respectively. The two isolates CREADC-F2317 and
CREADC-F2372 were used to confirm pathogenicity on walnut fruits. Fruits of cultivar Lara
were surface disinfected by dipping in 3% NaOCl for 1 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water,
and arranged in sterile humid chambers. Fruits were wounded with a sterile needle and then
inoculated with 20 μl of 106 conidia/ml suspension of each isolate (one wound per fruit). Fruit
treated with sterile distilled water served as a control. Inoculations were conducted on three
fruits per replicate and three replicates per treatment arranged in a complete randomized
block design. After 7 days of incubation at 25 ± 1°C, all the inoculated fruits showed typical
anthracnose symptoms and lesions with cream to salmon pink acervuli, whereas the controls
remained healthy. The species C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae were reisolated from the rotted
fruit. Pathogenicity tests were repeated twice with the same results. The morphology of the
reisolated fungi was consistent with the inoculated one, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. The species
C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae have been described affecting numerous species worldwide
(Damm et al. 2012). C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae have been previously reported to cause
severe anthracnose on walnut: C. fioriniae in France (Da Lio et al. 2018) and Hungary (Varjas
et al. 2019), and C. nymphaeae in France (Da Lio et al. 2018) and Brazil (Savian et al. 2019).
To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae as causal agents of
walnut anthracnose in Italy.
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CREADC-F2372 were used to confirm pathogenicity on walnut fruits. Fruits of cultivar Lara
were surface disinfected by dipping in 3% NaOCl for 1 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water,
and arranged in sterile humid chambers. Fruits were wounded with a sterile needle and then
inoculated with 20 μl of 106 conidia/ml suspension of each isolate (one wound per fruit). Fruit
treated with sterile distilled water served as a control. Inoculations were conducted on three
fruits per replicate and three replicates per treatment arranged in a complete randomized
block design. After 7 days of incubation at 25 ± 1°C, all the inoculated fruits showed typical
anthracnose symptoms and lesions with cream to salmon pink acervuli, whereas the controls
remained healthy. The species C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae were reisolated from the rotted
fruit. Pathogenicity tests were repeated twice with the same results. The morphology of the
reisolated fungi was consistent with the inoculated one, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. The species
C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae have been described affecting numerous species worldwide
(Damm et al. 2012). C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae have been previously reported to cause
severe anthracnose on walnut: C. fioriniae in France (Da Lio et al. 2018) and Hungary (Varjas
et al. 2019), and C. nymphaeae in France (Da Lio et al. 2018) and Brazil (Savian et al. 2019).
To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae as causal agents of
walnut anthracnose in Italy.
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