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sprayed with sterile water and used as controls. All plants were maintained in moistened bags
for 5 days and grown in a greenhouse at temperatures of 20 to 26°C. Initial symptoms of
brown discoloration appeared on inoculated leaves and petioles about 10 days after the
inoculation. Successively, necrotic lesions similar to those described above expanded up to 5.0
mm in diameter. A. alternata was reisolated from affected tissues and identified by the
amplification of the tef and the endoPG gene portions (GenBank accession nos. OL990030 and
OL990031, respectively). Control plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was repeated
once with consistent results. A. alternata has been reported worldwide on many hosts (Farr
and Rossman 2021), however this is the first report of A. alternata on fan columbine in Italy,
as well as worldwide. In autumn 2021, the same symptoms described above were observed on
several plants of A. flabellata grown in public gardens in Biella province (Northern Italy).
Strategies for monitoring and managing this new disease on fan columbine are necessary.
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