총 834페이지
396페이지 본문시작
3. 원 문
(pdf 파일이여서 복사하고 나면 서식이 사라집니다. 원문을 보시면, 그림도 있고 더 편
안하실 것 같습니다)
CRITICAL IPM ISSUES The integrated pest management (IPM) approach that
protects stored grain includes:
? Sanitation ? Frequent monitoring ? Aeration ? Biological control ? Pesticide
treatments
IPM techniques should be considered as tools in a toolbox; not all of
them are needed every time, such as pesticides, but still need to be available.
Figure 1.13 SANITATION AND GRAIN LEVELING The key to preventing insect
infestations is to continually clean and properly maintain the storage structure.
Stored grain insects breed readily in residual grain. They also live and feed on
cracked grain, grain trash, or left over grain from previous crop. Both birds and
rodents are also attracted to spilled grain. Rodents and pest insects find harborage
and food in mature weeds surrounding the facility. The following are standard
sanitation practices used for empty storage facilities.
? Clean harvest and transportation equipment before the harvest.
? Storage structures are emptied of old grain. Never store a new crop on top of
old grain. ? Floors and walls inside empty bins are swept of old grain and debris.
? Weeds around the bins are removed.
? Remove spilled grain outside the storage structure.
? All grain handling equipment is repaired and kept in good condition before
harvest.
? For additional protection, the inside and outside surfaces, foundations and floor of
a storage facility should be treated with a residual insecticide, four to six weeks
prior to harvest.
This will kill any insects that were not removed during cleaning and those that
migrate into the bin. A serious problem for Montana producers is a tendency to
overfill the bins, peaking the grain to the very top of the bin roof. The proper
procedure is to fill the bins and level the surface of the grain at the top of the bin
walls. This allows for a uniform dissipation of heat and moisture into a large
airspace, which allows for the movement of warm moist air out of the storage
structure (Figure 1.14).
Improper storage results in moisture wicking up the
peaked grain and accumulating in the grain mass in this peak. Storage fungi can
readily establish in this area, leading to spoilage, the development of hotspots, and
providing a very favorable environment for a large population of storage insects.
- 396 -
(pdf 파일이여서 복사하고 나면 서식이 사라집니다. 원문을 보시면, 그림도 있고 더 편
안하실 것 같습니다)
CRITICAL IPM ISSUES The integrated pest management (IPM) approach that
protects stored grain includes:
? Sanitation ? Frequent monitoring ? Aeration ? Biological control ? Pesticide
treatments
IPM techniques should be considered as tools in a toolbox; not all of
them are needed every time, such as pesticides, but still need to be available.
Figure 1.13 SANITATION AND GRAIN LEVELING The key to preventing insect
infestations is to continually clean and properly maintain the storage structure.
Stored grain insects breed readily in residual grain. They also live and feed on
cracked grain, grain trash, or left over grain from previous crop. Both birds and
rodents are also attracted to spilled grain. Rodents and pest insects find harborage
and food in mature weeds surrounding the facility. The following are standard
sanitation practices used for empty storage facilities.
? Clean harvest and transportation equipment before the harvest.
? Storage structures are emptied of old grain. Never store a new crop on top of
old grain. ? Floors and walls inside empty bins are swept of old grain and debris.
? Weeds around the bins are removed.
? Remove spilled grain outside the storage structure.
? All grain handling equipment is repaired and kept in good condition before
harvest.
? For additional protection, the inside and outside surfaces, foundations and floor of
a storage facility should be treated with a residual insecticide, four to six weeks
prior to harvest.
This will kill any insects that were not removed during cleaning and those that
migrate into the bin. A serious problem for Montana producers is a tendency to
overfill the bins, peaking the grain to the very top of the bin roof. The proper
procedure is to fill the bins and level the surface of the grain at the top of the bin
walls. This allows for a uniform dissipation of heat and moisture into a large
airspace, which allows for the movement of warm moist air out of the storage
structure (Figure 1.14).
Improper storage results in moisture wicking up the
peaked grain and accumulating in the grain mass in this peak. Storage fungi can
readily establish in this area, leading to spoilage, the development of hotspots, and
providing a very favorable environment for a large population of storage insects.
- 396 -
396페이지 본문끝
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