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Tackling fall armyworm with sustainable control practices
Adopting sustainable and ecofriendly agricultural practices, sharing valuable knowledge, and providing
farmers with effective tools and techniques can help mitigate the impact of fall armyworm in
Zimbabwe.
January 24, 2024
Typically looking like a small caterpillar growing up to 5 cms in length, the fall armyworm (FAW,
Spodoptera frugiperda) is usually green or brown in color with an inverted ¡°Y¡± marking on the head
and a series of black dots along the backs. Thriving in warm and humid conditions, it feeds on a
wide range of crops including maize, posing a significant challenge to food security, if left unmanaged.
The fall armyworm is an invasive crop pest that continues to wreak havoc in most farming
communities across Africa.
The first FAW attack in Zimbabwe was recorded around 2016. With a high preference for maize, yield
losses for Zimbabwe smallholder farmers are estimated at US$32 million. It has triggered widespread
concern among farmers and the global food system as it destroyed large tracts of land with maize
crops, which is a key staple and source of farmer livelihood in southern Africa. The speed and extent
of the infestation caught farmers and authorities unprepared, leading to significant crop losses and
food insecurity.
Exploring the destructive FAW life cycle
It undergoes complete metamorphosis, progressing through four main stages including egg, larva,
pupa, and adult. Reproducing rapidly in temperatures ranging from 20 to 38¡ÆC, moist soil conditions
facilitate the egg-laying process, while mild winters enable its survival in some regions. The larval
stage is the most destructive phase, feeding voraciously on plant leaves and can cause severe
defoliation. They can migrate in large numbers, devouring entire fields within a short period if left
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